{
  "annotation_id": "64368d49-9749-4c7d-a4e7-c85e2fd89ea0",
  "date_created": "2026-02-17T05:53:04.876000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-02-17T05:53:04.876000Z",
  "file_hash": "245d4572235b44daa05bd3bc036cc086625c000970d5d359c544c5fad717963c",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "With the increasing threat posed by modulation classification to wireless security, this paper proposes a secure communication framework based on modulation order confusion (MOC), which intentionally disguises the original modulation as a higher- or lower-order one to mislead eavesdroppers. For single-antenna systems, two schemes are developed: symbol random mapping and symbol time diversity, enabling modulation order confusion with customized receivers. For multi-antenna systems, receiver-transparent MOC schemes are proposed, including series-expansion-based and constellation-path-based signal designs, and are further extended to RIS-assisted systems with joint beamformer and RIS reflection design. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes effectively defeat both deep-learning-based and expert-knowledge-based modulation classifiers without degrading communication performance.",
    "arxiv_id": "2601.05292",
    "authors": [
      "Jingyi Wang",
      "Fanggang Wang"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "cs.IT",
      "math.IT"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "title": "Secure Communication via Modulation Order Confusion",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.05292",
    "version": "v1"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "fc0ed0c0-729d-48c0-864f-3aa374416469",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-01-17",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}